MK4 vs MK7: Your Essential Guide to Picking the Right K2 Form

Over 90% of tested vitamin K2 supplements contain no Trans isomer or significantly less than stated on the label. This alarming statistic reflects what most consumers face when searching for effective K2 supplements.

The MK4 and MK7 forms of vitamin K2 differ substantially in terms of bioavailability and health applications. MK7 remains detectable in serum for up to 48 hours with a half-life of approximately 68 hours. MK4 has a significantly shorter half-life, approximately 2 hours. Clinical trials have shown that MK4, administered at 45 mg daily, can significantly increase bone density and reduce fracture rates. MK4 is the predominant form of vitamin K2 found naturally in the body.

This guide compares vitamin K2 (MK4 vs. MK7) for its effects on bone density, testosterone support, and other health applications. You'll understand which form might be right for your specific needs, whether you should consider taking both, and how to identify high-quality supplements in a market filled with substandard products...

Got questions? Ask the author in the comments section at the bottom of this page.

MK4, MK7, or Both?

Understanding vitamin K2 forms impacts health outcomes substantially. MK4 vs MK7 differences affect dosing frequency and effectiveness for specific conditions.

MK4 vs MK7 vitamin K2: key benefits and limitations

Structural differences between these forms of vitamin K2 directly influence their function. These distinctions affect dosing frequency and effectiveness for specific conditions.

Bioavailability and Half-Life Differences

MK4 and MK7 have dramatically different bioavailability profiles. MK4 is rapidly absorbed but is quickly absorbed into the tissue from the bloodstream, with a short half-life of approximately 6-8 hours [19]. MK4 supplements require multiple daily doses to maintain consistent levels.

MK7 remains in the bloodstream much longer. Due to its larger molecular structure, MK7 is packaged into cholesterol, which allows it to travel throughout the body for several days [19]. This extended availability allows bones more time to utilize MK7 from food or supplements. The body can accumulate a reserve of MK7 that continuously supports osteocalcin and GLA matrix protein activation [19].

Dosage Requirements

Bioavailability differences directly impact dosage requirements. MK4 effectiveness, particularly for conditions like osteoporosis, requires approximately 45,000 micrograms (45 mg) daily, divided into three doses of 15,000 micrograms each, taken every 6-8 hours [19]. This high dosage would be impossible to obtain from food sources alone.

MK7 requires much smaller doses and can be taken once daily. Research suggests that a dose as low as 100 micrograms per day is typically sufficient to maintain the activity of osteocalcin and matrix-GLA protein [19]. This represents a significant practical advantage for MK7.

Efficacy for Bone Health

Both forms support bone health through similar mechanisms but with varying degrees of evidence. MK4 has numerous clinical trials demonstrating its effectiveness. A search in May 2022 found 24 clinical trials evaluating MK4's impact on bone mineral density, with results overwhelmingly showing that MK4 (at 45 mg/day) significantly promotes healthy bone density [19].

The same search for MK7 and bone mineral density yielded only four clinical trials; with expanded search criteria, the total increased to just seven studies [19]. Some research suggests that MK7 may not have a significant impact on bone density. A 2010 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with 334 postmenopausal women found that after one year of supplementing with 360 mcg/day of MK7, there was no difference in bone loss rates between the MK7 and placebo groups [19].

Fracture Prevention

Five clinical trials have examined fractures in MK4 studies, with three additional research reviews pooling data from all relevant trials. The results consistently demonstrate that MK4 maintains strong bones, as evidenced by the lower incidence of vertebral and nonvertebral fractures in clinical trials [19].

MK7's picture is less clear. There aren't currently any studies that have evaluated fractures as an endpoint in MK7 clinical trials [19]. MK7's ability to maintain strong bones remains theoretical at this stage.

Biological Presence and Function

MK4 is the predominant form of vitamin K2 found naturally in the human body. Biochemistry converts all forms of vitamin K, including K1 and MK7, to MK4 [19]. This conversion suggests that MK4 may be the biologically active form with widespread health benefits.

MK4 accumulates in numerous tissues and organs, including the breasts, thyroid, ovaries, salivary glands, skin, pancreas, spleen, testes, intestines, brain, kidneys, and bone [19]. This widespread distribution indicates MK4's importance across multiple biological systems.

When to choose MK4 over MK7

Despite MK7's convenience advantages, certain situations warrant choosing MK4 supplements instead.

For Proven Bone Density Improvement

MK4 may be a better option for improving bone density, with well-established clinical evidence. The research supporting MK4 for bone health is more extensive than for MK7. Multiple clinical trials have demonstrated that MK4, administered at 45 mg daily, can significantly promote healthy bone density [19].

For individuals with osteoporosis or at high risk for bone density issues, this stronger evidence base may be particularly compelling. Five clinical trials specifically examining fracture outcomes with MK4 supplementation showed positive results [19].

For Specific Tissues and Organs

MK4 naturally accumulates in various tissues throughout the body—from the brain to the reproductive organs—it may offer targeted benefits for these systems [19]. For supporting health in specific organs where MK4 is concentrated, this form may be preferable.

For Rheumatoid Arthritis

MK4 has demonstrated benefits for individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Research has shown that MK4 can reduce the proliferation of rheumatoid synovial cells in both laboratory and animal models [19]. Clinical studies found that 45 mg per day of MK4 reduced clinical and biochemical markers of disease activity in RA patients [19].

For Those Who Experience Side Effects from MK7

Some individuals report side effects like heart racing when taking MK7 supplements [21]. MK4 might be better tolerated for those who've experienced such reactions with MK7.

When MK7 might be the better option

MK4's extensive research for bone health notwithstanding, MK7 offers distinct advantages that make it preferable in many situations.

For Convenience and Compliance

MK7's most obvious advantage is convenience. With a much longer half-life than MK4, MK7 can be taken just once daily while maintaining consistent blood levels [19]. MK4 requires dosing every 6-8 hours to maintain therapeutic levels [19].

This practical difference makes MK7 much easier to incorporate into daily routines, potentially improving long-term compliance.

For Lower Effective Dosages

MK7 requires significantly smaller doses to achieve therapeutic effects compared to MK4. While MK4 protocols often call for 45 mg (45,000 mcg) daily divided into three doses [19], MK7 may be effective at just 100-180 mcg once daily [19] [21].

This means:

• Smaller pills or fewer pills per dose
• Potentially lower cost over time despite MK7's higher price per microgram
• Less concern about extremely high dosages

For Rheumatoid Arthritis with Simpler Dosing

Both K2 forms show benefits for rheumatoid arthritis, but MK7 might offer a more practical approach. A study found that just 100 μg daily of MK7 for three months decreased levels of CRP, ESR, DAS28-ESR, and MMP-3 in RA patients [21]. This suggests MK7 is also effective for RA but with much simpler dosing than the 45 mg of MK4 used in comparable studies.

For Extrahepatic Tissue Support

Research indicates that MK7 may be particularly important for supporting extrahepatic tissues (tissues outside the liver) [24]. Studies have shown that nutritional doses of MK7 (45–90 μg/day) are effective for carboxylation of osteocalcin, a protein essential for bone health [24].

For Cardiovascular Health

Both MK4 and MK7 offer cardiovascular benefits, but they may act through somewhat different mechanisms. MK7 has been primarily associated with reducing arterial calcification and improving vascular elasticity [25].

As an Efficient MK4 Precursor

Research suggests that MK7 might be a better supplier for MK4 than MK4 itself [24]. A rat study found that nutritional doses of MK4 did not increase MK4 levels in extrahepatic tissues, whereas MK7 significantly increased MK4 in these tissues [24].

This finding suggests that to achieve MK4-specific physiological effects, it might be more effective to take MK7 as an MK4 precursor rather than MK4 directly [23]. The body appears to convert MK7 to MK4 more efficiently than it absorbs and distributes supplemental MK4.

Should you take both MK4 and MK7 together?

The distinct advantages of each form present compelling reasons to consider combining them.

Complementary Benefits

MK4 and MK7 appear to have somewhat different distribution patterns and functions. MK4 is rapidly taken up by tissues and stored in the arteries, pancreas, and salivary glands [4]. MK7 is more likely to reach the bones and liver [4].

Taking both forms could potentially optimize vitamin K2's benefits across multiple body systems. MK7's longer half-life provides consistent baseline levels, while MK4's quick tissue uptake might offer more immediate effects in specific organs.

Practical Approaches to Combination

Some individuals combine both forms but adjust the frequency. One approach is to take MK4 (15 mg) three times daily due to its short half-life, along with a separate MK7 supplement (100 mcg) taken less frequently [26].

Health Natura offers True K2 Mk4, True K2 Mk7, and True K2 Spectrum for all your vitamin K needs. True K2 Spectrum provides a balanced approach by combining both forms in a single supplement.

Expert Recommendations

Based on current knowledge, some experts recommend supplements containing both MK4 and MK7 forms of vitamin K2 [4]. Dr. Steven Lin recommends looking for a supplement that contains both forms to maximize potential benefits.

Conversion Considerations

All vitamin K homologs, including MK7, can be converted to MK4 [24]. Taking both forms directly might ensure optimal levels of each throughout different tissues and organs.

Dosage Balance in Combination Supplements

When taking combination supplements, consider the relative dosages of each form. Since MK4 typically requires much higher doses (in the mg range) compared to MK7 (in the mcg range), many combination products contain proportionally more MK4 than MK7.

A typical combination might include:

• 10 mg of MK4
• 200 mcg of MK7

This reflects the different effective dose ranges for each form while providing synergistic benefits.

Individual Tolerance Considerations

Some people report not tolerating high doses of MK7 well [26]. A combination product with a lower MK7 dose complemented by MK4 might be a good compromise for those experiencing side effects from MK7.

Vitamin D3 and K2 Combinations

Many supplements combine vitamin K2 (in either or both forms) with vitamin D3, which makes physiological sense given their complementary roles. When taking vitamin D3 and K2 together, a general guideline is to take 45 mcg of vitamin K2 for every 1,000 IU of vitamin D3 [4].

Some research suggests that taking D3 and K2 at different times might be more effective. Many practitioners recommend taking vitamin D3 with breakfast and K2 with dinner or at bedtime, spacing them 8-12 hours apart [4].

The decision to take MK4, MK7, or both ultimately depends on specific health goals, practical considerations like dosing convenience, and individual response. Understanding the distinctive properties of each form allows for more informed choices about which might be right—or whether a combination approach might offer the most benefits.

For most people seeking general health support without specific medical conditions, a combination of both forms or MK7 alone might be the most practical approach. For individuals with particular bone health concerns and the ability to maintain a multiple-dose-per-day regimen, higher-dose MK4 has the strongest evidence for improving bone density and preventing fractures.

Considering vitamin K2 supplementation for a specific health condition is advisable, and it is recommended to consult with a healthcare provider knowledgeable about nutritional supplements. They can help determine the most suitable form and dosage based on an individual's health status and goals.

What to Look for in a High-Quality K2 Supplement

Laboratory testing reveals that approximately 71% of K2 supplements fail to meet basic quality standards and label claims [6]. Quality markers directly impact supplement effectiveness. Knowing exactly what to look for becomes essential for making an informed purchase...

What to Look for in a High-Quality K2 Supplement

Laboratory testing reveals that approximately 71% of K2 supplements fail to meet basic quality standards and label claims. Knowing what to look for becomes essential for making an informed purchase.

Trans vs Cis isomers: why it matters

Vitamin K2 molecular structure exists in two configurations: trans and cis isomers. This structural difference profoundly impacts supplement effectiveness.

Trans isomers feature a linear molecular configuration—the same form found naturally in fermented foods and the human body. This linear structure allows trans isomers to fit perfectly into vitamin K-dependent enzymes and proteins [3]. The bioactive trans form enables proper activation of proteins responsible for directing calcium to bones and away from arteries.

Cis isomers have a bent, non-linear structure that doesn't properly fit K2-dependent enzyme binding sites [3]. Research demonstrates cis forms of vitamin K have merely 1% of the biological activity of trans isomers [7]. Supplements containing predominantly cis isomers deliver only a fraction of the advertised benefits.

Manufacturing processes—particularly chemical synthesis—produce mixtures of both isomers. Proper isomer distribution can be compromised during:

• UV radiation exposure
• Oxygen exposure during processing
• High-temperature manufacturing
• Improper storage conditions [8]

These factors trigger radical formation and molecule oxidation, creating epoxides and cis isomers throughout the supplement's isoprenoid chain [8].

Check for "all-trans" or "trans isomer" content on labels. High-quality products feature 97-99.7% all-trans isomers [2] [9].

Studies on human dermal fibroblast cells showed trans-MK7 demonstrated significantly higher carboxylative capacity compared to cis-MK7 when countering warfarin effects [8]. Trans isomers perform biological functions substantially better than cis counterparts.

Recent market analysis tested MK7 supplements from a popular e-commerce site. Two-thirds failed to meet basic label claims primarily due to excessive cis isomer content [3].

Sourcing and manufacturing quality

Vitamin K2 production method substantially influences supplement quality. Two primary approaches exist: natural fermentation and chemical synthesis.

Natural fermentation utilizes microorganisms like Bacillus subtilis to produce vitamin K2, mimicking traditional natto production [10]. This approach typically yields over 95% all-trans MK-7 [7]. Health Natura offers True K2 Mk4, True K2 Mk7, and True K2 Spectrum using high-quality sourcing methods.

Chemical synthesis produces variable ratios of trans and cis isomers depending on synthesis method [8]. Without careful quality control, synthetic K2 supplements may contain significantly higher percentages of less effective cis isomers.

Stability represents a critical yet overlooked aspect. Unprotected vitamin K2 rapidly degrades, especially when combined with minerals like calcium and magnesium [3]. Proper microencapsulation technology protects vitamin stability and bioavailability.

Industry testing shows nearly half of unprotected K2 supplements combined with minerals failed to meet label claims after three months, while properly microencapsulated formulations maintained 100% potency [6].

Quality markers to look for:

• Testing certification
• Free from unnecessary additives and fillers
• Clear specification of K2 form (MK4, MK7, or both)
• Proper storage recommendations
• Transparent sourcing information
• Allergen-free status (particularly soy-free for MK7 supplements) [11]

Dosage guidelines for adults and children

The optimal vitamin K2 dosage strikes a balance between effectiveness and safety. Although official recommended dietary allowances haven't been established for vitamin K2 specifically, research provides helpful guidelines.

Healthy adults: approximately 90-120 micrograms (mcg) daily [1]. This applies particularly to MK7 supplements, which require lower amounts due to longer half-life and better bioavailability.

Children under 12: around 45-50 micrograms daily [1] [4]. This reduced dosage accounts for a smaller body size while providing sufficient K2 for proper calcium metabolism and bone development.

Specific health conditions may require increased dosages:

• Osteoporosis support: 200 mcg daily, potentially up to 600 mcg daily [4]
• Cardiovascular health maintenance: 100-180 mcg daily
• Bone density improvement (MK4 specific): 45 mg (45,000 mcg) daily, typically divided into three doses

MK4 requires substantially higher doses (milligram range) compared to MK7 (microgram range). This difference stems from MK4's shorter half-life and lower bioavailability [12].

Vitamin D3 and K2 combination guideline: 45mcg of vitamin K2 per 1000 IU of vitamin D3 [1]. This pairing ensures that increased calcium absorption from vitamin D is adequately directed to the bones rather than the soft tissues.

Vitamin K2 has not shown toxicity even at relatively high doses. No adverse effects have been reported from high doses of vitamin K in foods or supplements [1].

Combined MK4 and MK7 supplements typically include:

• 10 mg of MK4
• 200 mcg of MK7

Some research suggests taking vitamin D3 and K2 at different times enhances effectiveness. Many practitioners recommend vitamin D3 with breakfast and K2 with dinner, spacing them 8-12 hours apart.

Vitamin K2 MK4 vs MK7 teeth and dental health

Vitamin K2 supports dental health through calcium metabolism. Both MK4 and MK7 forms support dental health with notable differences in application.

Vitamin K2's primary dental benefit stems from activating osteocalcin, a protein essential for binding calcium into tooth structure [12]. Properly activated osteocalcin strengthens tooth enamel and prevents calcium deposition in the wrong places. This process helps maintain tooth integrity and may help prevent tooth decay.

For individuals with dental conditions such as tooth decay, vitamin K2 supplementation may offer specific benefits. The supplement helps address "free calcium excess"—a condition where calcium fails to incorporate properly into teeth and bones [12]. Note that vitamin K2 supplementation has not been documented to reverse active tooth decay, but rather helps increase tooth density, potentially preventing the development of cavities.

MK7 offers practical advantages for dental applications. Its longer half-life and superior bioavailability mean consistent blood levels can be maintained with one daily dose. Dental experts note, "MK-7 is longer-lasting and more effective. Thus, it is much more efficient to get sufficient vitamin K2 from supplements, especially for those who suffer from...conditions like tooth decay" [12].

MK7 supplements typically provide more consistent dental benefits with simpler dosing. Maintaining steady K2 blood levels is crucial for the ongoing activation of osteocalcin and other vitamin K-dependent proteins involved in dental health.

For dental health concerns, look for supplements containing MK7 in the 100-200 mcg range. This dosage provides sufficient K2 to support dental calcium metabolism without requiring multiple daily doses.

Vitamin K2 and testosterone

Vitamin K2 has also been linked to testosterone levels, with some studies suggesting that adequate vitamin K2 intake may support hormonal balance. This connection is particularly relevant for men, as testosterone plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health, including bone density and muscle mass. Ensuring sufficient vitamin K2 levels could therefore contribute to optimal testosterone production, further enhancing the benefits of this essential nutrient.

Interactions with medications like warfarin

Vitamin K2 supplement considerations demand attention to potential medication interactions. The interaction between vitamin K (all forms) and anticoagulant medications like warfarin (Coumadin) represents the most significant concern.

Warfarin functions as an anticoagulant by antagonizing the activity of vitamin K, leading to the depletion of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors [13]. This interference forms the basis of warfarin's blood-thinning effect. Fluctuations in vitamin K intake—from food or supplements—can potentially impact warfarin effectiveness.

For warfarin patients, maintaining a consistent intake of vitamin K becomes crucial. Sudden increases in vitamin K consumption can decrease the anticoagulant effect of warfarin, potentially increasing the risk of clotting [14]. Sudden decreases may enhance warfarin's effect, potentially increasing the risk of bleeding.

Some sources suggest K2 supplements may be compatible with warfarin therapy in limited amounts. One dental health source states, "taking up to 50 micrograms of vitamin K2 in MK7 form counteracts the medication's side effects without stopping it from working properly" [5].

More authoritative medical sources emphasize caution. The Cleveland Clinic advises: "If you suddenly increase your intake of vitamin K, it can have an unintended consequence. It can actually decrease the effect of warfarin" [14]. This applies to all vitamin K forms, including K2.

For patients experiencing hemorrhagic complications while on warfarin, vitamin K2 can serve as an antidote. In emergency situations, vitamin K2 may be administered intravenously to antagonize warfarin's anticoagulant activity [15]. This procedure is performed under direct medical supervision in clinical settings.

Practical recommendations for warfarin patients considering K2 supplements:

1. Consult a healthcare provider before starting any vitamin K supplement
2. Maintain a consistent daily intake if supplements are approved
3. Have blood values checked regularly through INR testing
4. Take warfarin at the same time each day
5. Report unusual bleeding or bruising to your doctor immediately [16]

Other medications that may interact with vitamin K2:

• Antibiotics (extended use can reduce gut bacteria that produce vitamin K)
• Bile acid sequestrants like cholestyramine (Questran) and colestipol (Colestid), which reduce vitamin K absorption
• Weight-loss drugs like orlistat (Alli, Xenical), which decrease fat absorption and fat-soluble vitamin absorption [17]
• Some seizure medications, including phenytoin, phenobarbital, and carbamazepine [18]
• Certain antifungal medications like fluconazole [18]

Foods and beverages that may interact with warfarin therapy:

• Alcohol (especially in large amounts)
• Cranberries and cranberry juice
• Grapefruit and grapefruit juice
• Green tea
• Garlic [18]

Healthcare providers typically recommend interrupting tube feeding one hour before warfarin administration to minimize interaction risks...

Conclusion

MK4 and MK7 forms of vitamin K2 serve different health applications. MK4 requires higher doses, at 45mg daily, taken multiple times, but shows stronger evidence for improving bone density and preventing fractures. MK7 offers convenience with once-daily dosing at 100-180 mcg, due to its extended half-life of up to 68 hours.

Quality matters when selecting vitamin K2 supplements. Over 71% of tested products fail to meet label claims. Seek supplements labeled as containing "all-trans" isomers with 97-99.7% purity.

Health experts suggest taking both MK4 and MK7 forms together for complementary benefits. MK7 provides consistent baseline levels while MK4 offers immediate tissue uptake. Check for proper microencapsulation technology when minerals are included, as unprotected K2 can rapidly degrade.

Patients taking warfarin or other anticoagulants should consult healthcare providers before starting vitamin K supplements. Consistent intake becomes crucial, as fluctuations can impact medication effectiveness.

Vitamin K2 represents a critical nutrient for bone, cardiovascular, and dental health. The decision between MK4 vs MK7 aligns with your specific health needs. Quality, consistency, and proper dosing remain the most important factors for optimal results...

FAQs

Q1. What are the key differences between MK4 and MK7 forms of vitamin K2? MK4 has a shorter half-life and requires more frequent dosing, while MK7 has a longer half-life allowing for once-daily dosing. MK4 has more extensive research for bone health benefits, while MK7 offers convenience and potentially lower effective doses. Both forms support calcium metabolism, but their bioavailability and tissue distribution differ.

Q2. Which form of vitamin K2 is better for bone health? Both MK4 and MK7 support bone health, but MK4 has more extensive clinical evidence for improving bone density and reducing fractures, especially at higher doses (45 mg daily). MK7 may also benefit bone health but requires lower doses (100-180 mcg daily) and has less research specifically on fracture prevention.

Q3. Can MK4 and MK7 be taken together? Yes, taking both MK4 and MK7 together can provide complementary benefits. Some experts recommend combination supplements to maximize potential advantages. MK7's longer half-life provides consistent baseline levels, while MK4 offers more immediate tissue uptake. However, it's important to consider proper dosing and consult with a healthcare provider.

Q4. What should I look for in a high-quality vitamin K2 supplement? Look for supplements labeled as containing "all-trans" isomers with 97-99.7% purity, as these are the most bioactive forms. Consider products made through natural fermentation rather than chemical synthesis. Check for proper microencapsulation technology if the supplement includes minerals. Third-party testing certification and transparent sourcing information are also important quality indicators.

Q5. Are there any medication interactions to be aware of with vitamin K2 supplements? Vitamin K2 can interact with anticoagulant medications like warfarin (Coumadin). It may also interact with certain antibiotics, bile acid sequestrants, and some seizure medications. If you're taking any of these medications, especially warfarin, consult your healthcare provider before starting a vitamin K2 supplement. Consistent intake and regular monitoring are crucial for those on anticoagulant therapy.

Got questions? Ask the author in the comments section at the bottom of this page.

Dr. Peter Kassner, NMD - Biography

Dr. Peter Kassner, NMD, is the founding CEO of Health Natura, bringing 29 years of painstaking dedication to the field of naturopathic medicine. His journey in natural healing began in 1993 at the age of 17, when he embarked on his first apprenticeship before even completing high school...

Dr. Kassner established his first pain clinic, Clinical Therapeutics, in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, in 1996. This eventually evolved into Health Natura, LLC in 2005, reflecting his expanded mission to make Integrative Medicine accessible to those seeking alternatives to conventional treatments.

Throughout his clinical career, Dr. Kassner developed Unparalleled Expertise in immunology, cancer treatment protocols, acute and chronic infectious disease management, neuro-immunology, endocrine-immunology, thyroid iodine therapy, and Lyme disease interventions. His extensive training includes certifications in clinical massage, cranial sacral therapy, energy medicine, homeopathy, herbology, Chinese herbology, acupuncture, reflexology, EAV energy diagnostics, IV chelation, chemistry, and supplement compounding.

After obtaining both Masters and Doctoral degrees in Naturopathic Medicine, in 2005, dissatisfied with the state of commercial supplements, Dr. Kassner established Health Natura's first laboratory, specializing in Custom Compounding of preservative-free, excipient-free formulations with minimal ingredients. This commitment to purity and efficacy led him to retire from clinical practice in 2012 to focus entirely on Health Natura's supplement program.

Dr. Kassner's approach to naturopathic medicine has been profoundly shaped by his extensive travels throughout Western countries and Asia, where he studied diverse healing traditions. This global perspective informs his unique philosophy: delivering High-Quality, Personalized Wellness Solutions rather than mass-produced alternatives with compromised ingredients...

Today, Dr. Kassner continues to revolutionize the supplement industry through careful formulation and ethical sourcing, making Health Natura a trusted resource for those seeking superior natural health products.

* These statements have not been evaluated by the FDA (Food and Drug Administration). This product is not intended to treat, cure or prevent any disease. Statements of potential therapeutic value are the opinion of Dr. Kassner, ND, and are based on his personal and clinical experience. They should not be construed to endorse, condone or promote the use of any product as a medical treatment for any condition. Consult a medical professional before engaging in any self-care or nutritional supplement regimen to ensure safe and appropriate use. 

Dr. Kassner has been active in the field of alternative medicine since 1991. 

References

[1] - https://blog.algaecal.com/the-two-forms-of-vitamin-k2-and-how-to-get-them/
[2] - https://www.nbihealth.com/mk4-or-mk7-which-is-better-for-bones/
[3] - https://www.naturalmedicinejournal.com/journal/choosing-right-vitamin-k2-menaquinone-4-vs-menaquinone-7
[4] - https://connect.mayoclinic.org/discussion/k2-supplements-mk4-or-mk7-or-combination/
[5] - https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7230802/
[6] - https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3502319/
[7] - https://www.rupahealth.com/biomarkers/vitamin-k2-mk4
[8] - https://www.drstevenlin.com/how-to-choose-the-right-vitamin-k2-supplement/
[9] - https://www.inspire.com/groups/bone-health-and-osteoporosis/discussion/combining-k2-mk-7-and-mk-4/
[10] - https://www.nutraceuticalsworld.com/breaking-news/balchem-and-alkemist-labs-uncover-quality-issues-with-vitamin-k2-supplements-purchased-online/
[11] - https://nutraceuticalbusinessreview.com/now-foods-vitamin-k2-supplement-quality-us
[12] - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0308814617316308
[13] - https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9790681/
[14] - https://menaq7.com/news/vitamin-k2-quality-and-why-it-matters/
[15] - https://balchem.com/hnh/mn/k2vital/
[16] - https://gnosisbylesaffre.com/blog/vitamin-k2-natural-origin-or-synthetic/
[17] - https://enzymedica.com/blogs/digest-this/7-key-factors-in-d3-k2-vitamins?srsltid=AfmBOoqwZFiQLLH0M683KBFWW6Cl7kQi3R4vFCd0eG7t_8EJx3dwVQXJ
[18] - https://www.mediq7.com/blog/how-much-vitamin-k2-should-we-take-daily/
[19] - https://www.ericdavisdental.com/faqs-and-blog/blog/vitamin-k2-and-its-benefits-for-teeth/
[20] - https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminK-HealthProfessional/
[21] - https://health.clevelandclinic.org/vitamin-k-can-dangerous-take-warfarin
[22] - https://www.metropolitandentalcarenyc.com/blog/vitamin-k2/
[23] - https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4972987/
[24] - https://www.drugs.com/drug-interactions/vitamin-k2-with-warfarin-4087-19568-2311-0.html
[25] - https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminK-Consumer/
[26] - https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/deep-vein-thrombosis/in-depth/warfarin-side-effects/art-20047592